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person of color
''Person of color'' (plural: ''people of color'', ''persons of color'', sometimes abbreviated POC) is a term used primarily in the United States to describe any person who is not white. The term encompasses all non-white groups, emphasizing common experiences of racism. The term is not equivalent in use to "colored", which was previously used in the US as a term for African Americans only.
''People of color'' was revived from a term based in the French colonial era in the Caribbean and ''La Louisiane'' in North America: ''gens de couleur libres'' applied generally to people of mixed African and European descent who were freed from slavery or born into freedom. In the late 20th century, it was introduced in the United States as a preferable replacement to both ''non-white'' and ''minority'', which are also inclusive, because it frames the subject positively; ''non-white'' defines people in terms of what they are not (white), and ''minority'' frequently carries a subordinate connotation. Style guides for writing from American Heritage, the Stanford Graduate School of Business,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/styleguide/pdf/print_styleguide.pdf )〕 Mount Holyoke College,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/communications/editorial.html#P )〕 recommend the term over these alternatives. It may also be used with other collective categories of people such as ''students of color'', ''men of color'' and ''women of color''. ''Person of color'' typically refers to individuals of non-Caucasian heritage.
==History==
The term "free person of color" (f.p.c.) was used alongside "free colored" in the US census to describe people of partial or full African ancestry who were not slaves, from 1790 until 1860. In South Carolina and other parts of the Deep South, this term was used to distinguish between slaves who were mostly "black" or "negro" and free people who were primarily "mulatto" or "mixed race.".〔Powers, Bernard. ''Black Charlestonians: a Social History 1822-1885.'' University of Arkansas Press, 1994〕 Though Martin Luther King, Jr. used the term "citizens of color" in 1963, the phrase in its current meaning did not catch on until the late 1970s.〔"The Black Press at 150", editorial, ''The Washington Post'', March 18, 1977〕 Racial justice activists in the U.S., influenced by radical theorists such as Frantz Fanon, popularized it at this time. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was in wide circulation. Both anti-racist activists and academics sought to move understandings of race beyond the black-white binary then prevalent.
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